Effect of domestic sewage on growth of phytoplankton-mathematical model

A mathematical model relating to the change in phytoplankton biomass in the period of growth and nutrient concentration in the media was proposed on the basis of the Monod equation and was testified by simulation experiments. Analysis of the experiment data showed that: the half-saturation constants for growth Kp (μmol/L) for Skeletonema, Chaetoceros and Prorocentrum were 5.52, 1.90 and 0.46, respectively; the balance between stimulation of nutrients and the inhibition of some other materials was found in the effect of domestic sewage on algal growth and the stimulation played a leading role; domestic sewage was more stimulative on dinoflag-ellate than on diatom and chlorophyte when the assemblage of the algae was cultured. The experiment suggested that mathematical model reasonably explained the characteristics of phytoplankton growth in different nutrient conditions and was worthy to be further improved for eutrophication prediction in off-shore water.     

Adsorption performance of CMK-3 and C-FDU-15 in NO removal at low temperature

CMK-3 and C-FDU-15 samples were synthesized using hard-templating and evaporationinduced self-assembly(EISA) methods,respectively.The pore structures of CMK-3 and CFDU-15 as well as commercial activated carbon were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction,field emission scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,and N_2 adsorption–desorption.Adsorption of NO was investigated by means of thermogravimetric analysis,temperature-programmed desorption of NO + O_2,and in situ diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The results show that the CMK-3 and C-FDU-15 materials possessed ordered and uniform structures.The coadsorption capacity of NO and O_2 decreased in the sequence CMK-3(88.6 mg/g) C-FDU-15(71.7 mg/g) AC(25.3 mg/g).There were two main adsorption species on CMK-3 and CFDU-15:nitrite and nitrate.Nitrite is converted to nitrate easily.However,the adsorption species were more complex on AC,with nitrite being the main species.Moreover,CMK-3 and C-FDU-15 exhibit excellent regeneration efficiency compared with AC.The excellent NO adsorption performance of CMK-3 and C-FDU-15 was associated with their ordered mesoporous structures and high surface areas.The research provides more options for NO adsorption in the future.     

生态系统与人类福祉:工商业的机遇与挑战

工商业在两个方面与生态系统和生态系统服务相互联系：它们使用各种服务。同时促成生态系统的变化。“千年评估”发现。评估涉及的生态系统服务中。有2／3的服务功能正在退化或被人们以非持续的方式利用。这对整个世界来说具有普遍的严重后果，它将从三个主要方面影响工商业。     

中国加入WTO与上海的环境保护

中国加入世贸组织给上海环境带来很多机遇，如可加速产业结构调整、引进国际环保投资和先进的环境治理技术，但同时也给上海环境保护带来了挑战。为了应对挑战，上海必须加快环境法制建设、环境经济政策的研究和制定、加快人才培养，并提高企业的环境意识和产品的环境标准。     

环境管理理论基础的思考

阐述了环境管理学的理论基础,包括人地关系、管理学、生态学、经济学、生态经济学、法学、环境伦理学和教育学理论。     

GIS在环境监测数据管理分析中的应用

根据环境监测的特点和地理信息系统(GIS)所具备的功能,讨论了GIS与环境监测结合的必要性,按照环境监测的目的不同分环境质量监测、污染源监督监测和应急监测三个方面阐述GIS在环境监测数据管理分析中的具体应用,并利用现有的一些基于GIS的环境监测信息系统实例进行进一步说明GIS在环境监测数据管理分析中的应用,充分发挥了GIS空间信息表达处理及综合分析的优势,使得环境监测数据的管理分析更加快速、实时、有效.随着GIS技术的发展,GIS在环境监测数据管理分析中的应用也将获得源源不绝的驱动力.     

Life cycle analysis and choice of natural gas-based automotive alternative fuels in Chongqing Municipality,China

Road transport produces significant amounts of emissions by using crude oil as the primary energy source. A reduction of emissions can be achieved by implementing alternative fuel chains. The objective of this study is to carry out an economic, environmental and energy (EEE) life cycle study on natural gas-based automotive fuels with conventional gasoline in an abundant region of China. A set of indices of four fuels/vehicle systems on the basis of life cycle are assessed in terms of impact of EEE, in which natural gas produces compressed natural gas (CNG), methanol, dimethylether (DME) and Fischer Tropsch diesel (FTD). The study included fuel production, vehicle production, vehicle operation, infrastructure and vehicle end of life as a system for each fuel/vehicle system. A generic gasoline fueled car is used as a baseline. Data have been reviewed and modified based on the best knowledge available to Chongqing local sources. Results indicated that when we could not change electric and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles into commercial vehicles on a large scale, direct use of CNG in a dedicated or bi-fuel vehicle is an economical choice for the region which is most energy efficient and more environmental friendly. The study can be used to support decisions on how natural gas resources can best be utilized as a fuel/energy resource for automobiles, and what issues need to be resolved in Chongqing. The models and approaches for this study can be applied to other regions of China as long as all the assumptions are well defined and modified to find a substitute automotive energy source and establish an energy policy in a specific region.     

有机污染物在多孔介质中的残留

土壤、地下水中的有机污染物主要以自由态、挥发态、溶解态和残留态等四种形态存在 ,其中残留态的部分是最难以去除的 ,残留量的多少是关系治理费用及治理时间长短的最关键因素。本文以柴油为代表 ,对地下水饱和区中有机物的残留进行了试验模拟 ,与非饱和区的残余饱和度进行了比较 ,揭示了饱和区中有机污染物残余的特点 ,并深入分析了其机理。结果表明 ,砂性介质中 ,地下水饱和区中有机污染物的残余饱和度显著大于非饱和区中的残余饱和度 ,因此可以有效地利用这一特性 ,通过降低地下水位使饱和区中部分残留态污染物转化为自由态 ,提高去除效率 ;与非饱和区中多孔介质粒径越小 ,残留量越大的特性相反 ,饱和区中测得的残余柴油饱和度随介质粒径的增大而增大。不同水位变动速度的试验结果表明 ,水位变动速度对粘性大于水的柴油的残余饱和度影响可以忽略不计。     

长江常熟段排污口布置方案数值模拟论证研究

为合理确定常熟氟化工项目排污口布置方案 ,本文在分析长江常热段水环境特征的基础上 ,针对其复杂的水下地形和水流流场 ,建立了较为准确和实用的平面二维水流水质耦合数学模型 ,预测计算了三套方案污水对重点保护水域影响程度和范围 ,并从水流流场、水质影响评价、技术经济多角度对方案进行了比较论证 ,最终推荐污水江中排放的方案 ,为项目的工程设计和环境管理提供了科学依据。     

苏州新区经济与环境协调发展实证分析

重视环境保护规划 ,严把项目引进关 ,控制乡镇工业污染 ,增大环境保护投入 ,完善基础设施 ,严格环境管理是实现苏州新区经济与环境协调发展的主导因素。